Comorbidity of Mood and Anxiety Disorders

Introduction. Comorbidity of anxiety and mood disorders: introduction and overview. Approaches to the phenomena of comorbidity. Classification Issues. The influence of classification methods on comorbidity. Comorbidity and classification. Exclusionary principles and the comorbidity of psychiatric diagnoses: a historical review and implications for the future. Evidence for Comorbidity: Population-Based Studies. Comorbidity of affective and anxiety disorders in the NIMH epidemiologic catchment area program. Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in the Zurich cohort study of young adults. Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in the Lundby 25-year prospective study: the pattern of subsequent episodes. Diagnostic comorbidity and symptom co-occurrence: the Stirling county study. Notes on some epidemiologic studies of comorbidity. Evidence for Comorbidity: Treated Samples and Longitudinal Studies. Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity in a large population presenting for care. Syndrome and symptom co-occurrence in the anxiety disorders. Clinical evidence of comorbidity: a critique of treated samples and longitudinal studies. Somatization: the most costly comorbidity? The dilemma of homonymous symptoms for evaluating comorbidity between affective disorders and eating disorders. Comorbid anxiety disorders in childhood-onset depressions. Alcohol abuse/dependence and comorbid anxiety and depression. Depression and alcoholism: comorbidity in a longitudinal study. Comorbidity and obsessive compulsive disorder. Comorbidity of dysthymic disorder. Evidence for Comorbidity: Family and Genetic Studies. Comorbidity for anxiety and depression: review of family and genetic studies. Evidence for comorbidity of anxiety and depression: family and genetic studies of children. A twin-study perspective of the comorbidity of anxiety and depression. Evidence for Comorbidity: Biologic Studies. A biologic perspective on comorbidity of major depressive disorder and panic disorder. Interpretative aspects of biologic markers in psychiatry in relation to issues of comorbidity. Corticotropin-releasing factor as a possible cause of comorbidity in anxiety and depressive disorders. Theories of and Perspectives on Anxiety and Depression. The empirical structure of psychiatric comorbidity and its theoretical significance. Psychosocial factors in anxiety and depression. Comorbidity in anxiety and depressive disorders: a helplessness-hopelessness perspective. Psychological defense mechanisms and the study of affective and anxiety disorders. A neuropsychological perspective on comorbid disorders. Impact of DSM-III-R revisions on the anxiety disorders and on primary care givers. Toward a clinical understanding of the relationship of anxiety and depressive disorders. Research Issues, Methodology, and Assessment. Relationship between anxiety and depression: conceptual and methodological issues. Extracting comorbidity from self-report instruments: a cognitive perspective. Extracting information from diagnostic interviews on co-occurence of symptoms of anxiety and depression. Treatment trials, comorbidity, and syndromal complexity. Double diagnosis: the role of the prior odds on each disorder. Relationships between anxiety and depression affecting development of antidepressant and antianxiety drugs. The sampling of experience: a method of measuring the co-occurrence of anxiety and depression in daily life. References.